Reverse-Interlinear/Interlinear Bibles

What is an Interlinear/Reverse Interlinear Bible?

An Interlinear is an original language Bible with additional information in the form of a grid under the manuscript words e.g lemma, Strong’s number, morphological tagging. A Reverse Interlinear (RI) bible has original language information aligned with translated text i.e. a reverse interlinear component is added to translations like ESV, NRSV, NASB95, and LXX bibles (where text was translated from Hebrew, whose RI is aligned with Lexham Hebrew Bible). Faithlife forum reply about Greek New Testament alignment includes:
- “We do not have the budget (or omniscience) to reconstruct each conjectural underlying Greek text from the English (or Spanish, German, etc.) translation as part of the reverse interlinear alignment process, so for simplicity we align everything to either the SBLGNT or TR based on the manuscript tradition the translation uses. This is just something to be aware of when performing Greek studies on a reverse interlinear: for the most part, you’re studying the SBLGNT.”
Many Bibles have direct tagging of Lemma, Strong’s Numbers, Tense/Voice/Mood, ... that are not an interlinear nor a reverse interlinear. For example, “The Lexham High Definition NT: ESV” and “The Lexham High Definition OT: ESV” have original language lemma directly tagged to surface translation, which appears in Right Click plus can be searched. RI Bibles with Discourse Feature datasets and visual filters are now better to use than Lexham High Definition NT and OT.

How can I tell what Reverse Interlinear Bibles I have?

Doing a Bible Word Study and select “Settings” from the Translation word ring. The dropdown will show you a list of your Reverse Interlinears, including any non-Bible RIs.
A translation with RI capability will have special icons in its toolbar. See what they look like below.
Logos RI uses Logos Aramaic Morphology (for parts of Ezra & Daniel), Logos Hebrew Morphology (for the rest of Old Testament), and Logos Greek Morphology (for the New Testament, Septuagint, plus Apostolic Fathers).

What is the difference between an Interlinear and a Reverse Interlinear Bible?

This was explained in this forum post, repeated here:-

An interlinear will have the original language written in the order it was written: you can see which words had priority of placement (eg, at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis, etc), how the sentence was structured originally.

(example from the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, Matt 5:44)
A reverse interlinear “works backward”. It shows the translated passage in order, and rearranges the original language underneath it, out of order compared to its original state, but tied closely to the translated text so we can tell what phrase or word was used to translate the original language.

(example from the New King James Version, Matt 5:43)

Explanantion for earlier versions of Logos

The inline interlinear icon is similar to , and includes options.
The reverse interlinear icon is similar to , and is a toggle.

Interlinear at the bottom of a Bible Resource

Translations which have a Reverse Interlinear (RI) will have a dual icon like in their toolbar.

Turning On/Off an Interlinear (ribbon)

Click on the picker icon
Click in the box for Reverse Interlinear Pane
Once this has been done, it is only necessary to click the aleph-omega icon to show/hide the Reverse Interlinear pane.

You can also use your keyboard to toggle display of the Reverse Interlinear pane:
- Ctrl + Shift + R (Windows)
- Command + Shift + R (Mac)

Selecting which words appear in Interlinear ribbon

See Turning On/Off the Interlinear pane
Click on a word in the resource:
- The word appears in the Interlinear pane and its column is highlighted in blue.

Selecting rows which appear in the Interlinear (ribbon)

Open the Reverse Interlinear pane if necessary
(see Turning On/Off the Interlinear pane)

Right click on the row labels on the left side of the Interlinear pane.
Click on an item that you want to show/hide.

The Interlinear row options will vary between RI’s:
- Manuscript – the word as it appears in original language texts.
- Manuscript (Transliterated) – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
- Lemma – the form of this word which you would find in a dictionary/lexicon.
- Lemma (Transliterated) – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
- Root – the base form of this word, or primary lexical unit.
- Root (Transliterated) – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
- Morphology – morphological code for the parts-of-speech of this word.
  See documentation of Morphology Codes.
- Strong’s Number – Strong’s number for this word (relates to “Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon”).
- Louw-Nida Number – contextual Louw-Nida number for this word from “Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament based on Semantic Domains”.
  New Testament only
- Sense – part of a hierarchical list of concepts that assist in the definition of the word in its context.
  See Bible Sense Lexicon.

Full Page Interlinear Bible Resource

Both Interlinear and Reverse Interlinear (RI) resources will have a dual icon like in their toolbar for an inline interlinear display.

Turning On/Off an Interlinear (full page)

Click on the picker icon to reveal a menu of Interlinear Options:
Click in the box for Inline Reverse Interlinear (or Inline Interlinear).
Once this has been done, it is only necessary to click )the aleph-omega icon to show/hide the Inline Interlinear.

Selecting rows which appear in the Interlinear (full page)

Open the menu for Interlinear Options
(see Turning On/Off an Inline Interlinear)
Click on an item that you want to show/hide.

The Interlinear row options will vary between Interlinear and Reverse Interlinear resources:
- Surface – shows the normal text of the reverse interlinear resource.
- Manuscript – the word as it appears in original language texts.
- Manuscript (Transliterated) – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
- Lemma – the form of this word which you would find in a dictionary/lexicon.
- Lemma (Transliterated) – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
- Root – the base form of this word, or primary lexical unit.
- Root (Transliterated) – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
- Morphology – morphological code for the parts-of-speech of this word.
  See documentation of Morphology Codes.
- Translation related items in Interlinears:
  - English Gloss - dictionary meaning(s)
  - English Lexical Value - dictionary meaning(s)
  - English Literal Translation - context sensitive meaning
- Strong’s Number – Strong’s number for this word (relates to “Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon”).
- Louw-Nida Number – contextual Louw-Nida number for this word from “Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament based on Semantic Domains”.
  New Testament only

Note that that the Inline Interlinear may appear unreadable when you turn OFF too many items (especially the Surface item in RI’s and the Manuscript item in Interlinears).

Understanding notations in the Reverse Interlinear

What is the subscript number next to manuscript words?

The word order of the translation rarely matches the word order of the original manuscript:

The number in subscript to the right of the word indicates the order of this word in the original Greek verse.

Bold arrow & numbers

A bold arrow with a number means that the English text corresponds to the Greek word with that number as a subscript:
1. the bold arrow with a 5 next to it applies to the English word must
2. must is part of the translation of the Greek word ἔσεσθε with a subscript of 5.

Thin arrows which point to words

The thin arrow pointing forward (or back) means that the surface word or phrase was translated from the target Greek word

“they” is part of the translation of φιλοῦσιν
“to” is part of the translation of ἑστῶτες
“and” is also part of the translation of ἑστῶτες

Bold dots in the Surface text

A bold dot in the surface text means that the associated Greek word was not translated.

The Greek word σου is not translated.

Bible Lists

Interlinear Bibles

Interlinear Bible	Abbreviated Title	Old Testament	New Testament	Deuterocanonical
Complete Biblical Library Interlinear Bible: New Testament	CBL NT		CBL Greek
Complete Biblical Library Interlinear Bible: Old Testament	CBL OT	CBL Hebrew
The Greek New Testament, Fourth Revised Edition (Interlinear with Morphology)	UBS4 Int.		Logos Greek
The Interlinear Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament	Newberry Literal		Logos Greek
The Lexham Clausal Outlines of the Greek New Testament	NT Clausal Outlines		Logos Greek
The Lexham Clausal Outlines of the Greek New Testament:SBL Edition	SBLGNT Clausal Outlines		Logos Greek
The Lexham Dead Sea Scrolls Hebrew-English Interlinear Bible	DSSI	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic
The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament	LDGNT		Logos Greek
The Lexham Discourse Hebrew Bible	LDHB	Logos Hebrew
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear New Testament	LGNTI		Logos Greek
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear New Testament:SBL Edition	LGNTI:SBL		Logos Greek
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint	Lexham LXX Interlinear	Logos Greek
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint, Alternate Texts	Lexham LXX Alt.	Logos Greek
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint: H. B. Swete	Lexham LXX Int Swete	Logos Greek		Logos Greek
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint: H. B. Swete (Alternate Texts)	Lexham LXX Int Swete ALt	Logos Greek
The Lexham Hebrew-English Interlinear Bible	LHI	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic
The Lexham Latin-English Interlinear Vulgate	LLEIV	Logos Latin	Logos Latin	Logos Latin
The Lexham Syntactic Greek New Testament	Lexham SGNT		Logos Greek
The Lexham Syntactic Greek New Testament:SBL Edition	Lexham SGNT-SBL		Logos Greek
Nestle-Aland 26th Edition Greek New Testament with McReynolds English Interlinear	NA26INT		Logos Greek
Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, 27th Edition with McReynolds English Interlinear	NA27 Int.		Logos Greek
The OpenText.org Syntactically Analyzed Greek New Testament	OpenText.org GNT		Logos Greek

Reverse Interlinear Bibles

Reverse Interlinear (RI) Bible	RI Abbr.	Surface Text	Old Testament	New Testament	Deuterocanonical
Almeida Revista e Atualizada	RA	Portuguese	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
American Standard Version	ASV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The Cambridge Paragraph Bible of the Authorized Version	AV 1873	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
Christian Standard Bible	CSB	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
Clementine Vulgate	VGCLEM	Latin	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
Die Bibel: Einheitsübersetzung der Heiligen Schrift (2017)	EÜ	German		Logos Greek
Die Bibel nach der Übersetzung Martin Luthers (1984)	LUT84	German	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
Die Bibel nach Martin Luthers Übersetzung, revidiert 2017 mit Lemmatisierung	LU	German	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The Eastern/Greek Orthodox Bible: New Testament	EOB	English		Logos Greek
Elberfelder Bibel (2006)	ELB	German		Logos Greek
El Nuevo Testamento de Alta Definición Lexham: Edición LBLA	NTAD	Spanish		Logos Greek
English Standard Version	ESV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
English Standard Version Catholic Edition	ESVCE	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
Holman Christian Standard Bible	HCSB	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
King James Version	KJV 1900	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
La Bible Louis Segond 1910	LS1910	French	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
La Biblia de las Américas	LBLA	Spanish	Logos Hebrew & Aramaic	Logos Greek
The Lexham English Bible	LEB	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The Lexham English Septuagint	LES	English	Logos Greek		Logos Greek
The Lexham English Septuagint, 2nd Edition	LES2	English	Logos Greek		Logos Greek
The Lexham High Definition New Testament: ESV	HDNTESV	English		Logos Greek
The Lexham High Definition Old Testament: ESV	HDOTESV	English	Logos Hebrew
Modern English Version	MEV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The NET Bible (New English Translation)	NET	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The NET Bible (New English Translation), 2nd Edition	NET2	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
New American Bible Revised Edition	NABRE	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update	NASB95	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update, Paragraph	NASB95PARA	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
New American Standard Bible: 2020 Update	NASB 2020	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The New International Version (1984)	NIV84	English		Logos Greek
The New International Version (1984) Anglicized	NIV84Ang	English		Logos Greek
The New International Version (2011)	NIV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The New King James Version	NKJV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The New Living Translation	NLT	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The New Revised Standard Version	NRSV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
New Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition	NRSVCE	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
Nova Versão Internacional	NVI	Portuguese		Logos Greek
Nueva Versión Internacional	NVI	Spanish	Logos Hebrew & Aramaic	Logos Greek
The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint	LXX Swete	Greek	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic
The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Alternative Texts)	LXX Swete Alt	Greek	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic
Reina Valera Revisada (1960)	RVR60	Spanish	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
The Revised Standard Version	RSV	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
The Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition	RSVCE	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
The Revised Standard Version, Second Catholic Edition	RSV2CE	English	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek	Logos Greek
Schlachterbibel 2000	Schlachter 2000	German	Logos Hebrew & Aramaic	Logos Greek
Septuagint with Logos Morphology	Logos LXX	Greek	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic
中文聖經新標點和合本(上帝版) (繁體) Traditional Chinese Union Version (Shangti)	CUNP	Chinese Shangti	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
简体中文圣经和合本－神版 Simplified Chinese Union Version (Shen)	SCUV	Chinese Shen	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
繁體中文聖經和合本－神版 Traditional Chinese Union Version (Shen)	TCUV	Chinese Shen	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek
행간 성경: 성경전서 개역개정 4판 (Korean Reverse Interlinear)	NKRV	Korean	Logos Hebrew & Logos Aramaic	Logos Greek

Note: Clementine Vulgate, Logos LXX and LXX Swete have Logos Greek lemma and morphology tagging in Deuterocanonical books but there is no interlinear function as the text is not translated.

Some non-Bible resources have Reverse Interlinears:

Reverse Interlinear (RI) Resource	RI Abbr.	Morphology	Surface	RI Language
The Apostolic Fathers in English	ApFathEng	Logos Greek	English	Greek
Lake’s Apostolic Fathers in English	LakeAF	Logos Greek	English	Greek