Morphology Codes
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Morphological Search
These are the codes you see entered in the Find box when you type @ and select from the dropdown menu in a Morph Search. They also can be used to decode the morphology line in Interlinears. You need to know which morphology you are dealing with.
Here is a downloadable nicely formatted PDF version of all this info, except Logos Hebrew Morphology (thanks to Seth Hewitt for the formatting). Logos Hebrew Morphology PDF is linked from thread
Logos Greek Morphology
GRAMCORD Greek Morphology
Friberg Greek Morphology
Robinson Greek Morphology
Swanson Greek Morphology
Andersen-Forbes Hebrew Morphology
Westminster Hebrew Morphology
Werkgroep Informatica (WIVU) Hebrew Morphology
Logos Hebrew Morphology
Logos Latin Morphology
General
Morphology Identifiers that can be used in a Search
Word Class
Logos Greek Morphology
Part of Speech
- B – Adverb
- C – Conjunction
- D – Article
- I – Interjection
- J – Adjective
- N – Noun
- P – Preposition
- R – Pronoun
- T – Particle
- V – Verb
- X – Indeclinable
@B Adverb/Particle Type
- C – Conditional
- E – Emphatic
- I – Interrogative
- K – Correlative
- N – Negative
- P – Place
- S – Superlative
- X – Indefinite
@C Conjunction Subtype
- AC – Adverbial Conditional
- AD – Adverbial Declarative
- AL – Adverbial Local
- AM – Adverbial Comparative
- AN – Adverbial Concessive
- AP – Adverbial Purpose
- AR – Adverbial Result
- AT – Adverbial Temporal
- AZ – Adverbial Causal
- LA – Logical Ascensive
- LC – Logical Contrastive
- LD – Logical Disjunctive
- LI – Logical Inferential
- LK – Logical Correlative
- LM – Logical Emphatic
- LN – Logical Connective
- LT – Logical Transitional
- LX – Logical Explanatory
- SC – Substantival Content
- SE – Substantival Epexegetical
Case (for @D Articles, @J Adjectives, @N Nouns, @R?? Pronouns, and @V??P?? Verbs)
- A – Accusative
- D – Dative
- G – Genitive
- N – Nominative
- V – Vocative
Number (for @D? Articles, @J? Adjectives, @N? Nouns, @R??? Pronouns, and @V??P? Verbs)
- D – Dual
- P – Plural
- S – Singular
Gender (for @D?? Articles, @J?? Adjectives, @N?? Nouns, @R???? Pronouns, and @V??P??? Verbs)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
- N – Neuter
Degree (for @J??? Adjectives and @N??? Nouns)
- C – Comparative
- O – Other
- P – Positive
- S – Superlative
@R Pronoun Type
- C – Reciprocal
- D – Demonstrative
- F – Reflexive
- I – Interrogative
- K – Correlative
- N – Negative
- P – Personal
- R – Relative
- S – Possessive
- X – Indefinite
Person (for @R? Pronouns and @V??P Verbs)
- 1 – First Person
- 2 – Second Person
- 3 – Third Person
@R????? Pronoun Subtype
- A – Intenstive Attributive
- P – Intensive Predicative
@V Verb Tense
- A – Aorist
- F – Future
- I – Imperfect
- L – Pluperfect
- P – Present
- R – Perfect
- T – Future Perfect
@V? Voice (for Verbs)
- A – Active
- M – Middle
- P – Passive
- U – Either Middle or Passive
@V?? Mood (for Verbs)
- I – Indicative
- M – Imperative
- N – Infinitive
- O – Optative
- P – Participle
- S – Subjunctive
GRAMCORD Greek Morphology
Part of Speech
- A – Article
- B – Adverb
- C – Conjunction
- F – Foreign Word
- I – Interjection
- J – Adjective
- M – Improper Preposition
- N – Noun
- O – Pronoun
- P – Preposition
- S – Punctuation
- T – Particle
- V – Verb
Gender (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
- N – Neuter
Number (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- D – Dual Number
- P – Plural
- S – Singular
Case (for Articles, Adjectives, Improper Prepositions, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- A – Accusative
- D – Dative
- G – Genitive
- N – Nominative
- V – Vocative
Degree (for Adverbs and Adjectives)
- C – Comparative
- S – Superlative
- X – No Degree or a Positive Degree
Conjunction Subtype
- CB – Coordinating Continuative
- CC – Coordinating Correlative
- CD – Coordinating Disjunctive
- CG – Coordinating Interrogative
- CJ – Coordinating Copulative
- CQ – Coordinating Inferential
- CV – Coordinating Adversative
- CX – Coordinating Explanatory
- PD – Pronoun Demonstrative
- PP – Pronoun Personal
- SC – Subordinating Causal
- SE – Subordinating Conditional
- SF – Subordinating Final (Purpose)
- SG – Coordinating Interrogative
- SL – Subordinating Locational
- SN – Subordinating Nominal
- SP – Subordinating Comparative
- SR – Subordinating Result
- SS – Subordinating Concessive
- ST – Subordinating Temporal
Foreign Word Type
Pronoun Subtype
- AD – Adjectival Demonstrative
- AF – Adjectival Indefinite
- AG – Adjectival Interrogative
- AI – Adjectival Intensive
- CR – Correlative
- DE – Adjectival Demonstrative
- IF – Adjectival Indefinite
- IG – Adjectival Interrogative
- IR – Indefinite Relative
- P1 – Personal First Person
- P2 – Personal Second Person
- P3 – Personal Third Person
- PI – Adjectival Intensive
- RC – Reciprocal
- RR – Relative
- S1 – Possessive First Person
- S2 – Possessive Second Person
- X1 – Reflexive First Person
- X2 – Reflexive Second Person
- X3 – Reflexive Third Person
Punctuation Type
- J – Major Stop
- N – Minor Stop
Particle Class
- A – Alternating
- F – Indefinite
- G – Interrogative
- M – Emphatic
- N – Negative
- P – Comparative
- S – Subjective
- U – Modal [Uncertainty]
Person (for Verbs)
- 1 – First Person
- 2 – Second Person
- 3 – Third Person
Verb Tense
- A – Aorist
- F – Future
- I – Imperfect
- L – Pluperfect
- P – Present
- R – Perfect
Voice
- A – Active
- M – Middle
- P – Passive
Mood (for Verbs)
- I – Indicative
- M – Imperative
- N – Infinitive
- O – Optative
- P – Participle
- S – Subjunctive
Participle Number (for Verbs)
- D – Dual Number
- P – Plural
- S – Singular
Friberg Greek Morphology
Part of Speech
- A – Adjective
- C – Conjunction
- D – Determiner
- N – Noun
- P – Preposition
- Q – Particle
- V – Verb
Adjective Category
Adjective Type
- C – Cardinal
- D – Demonstrative
- I – Indefinite
- M – Comparative
- O – Ordinal
- R – Relative
- S – Superlative
- T – Interrogative
Case (for Adjectives, Determiners, Nouns, Prepositions, and Verbs)
- A – Accusative
- D – Dative
- G – Genitive
- N – Nominative
- V – Vocative
Gender (for Adjectives, Determiners, Nouns, and Verbs)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
- N – Neuter
Person (for Adjectives, Nouns, and Verbs)
- 1 – 1st Person
- 2 – 2nd Person
- 3 – 3rd Person
Number (for Adjectives, Determiners, Nouns, and Verbs)
Conjunction Category
- C – Coordinating
- H – Superordinating (Hyperordinating)
- S – Subordinating
Noun Subcat
Particle Category
- N – Negative
- S – Sentence
- T – Interrogative
- V – Verbal
Mood (for Verbs)
- I – Indicative
- M – Imperative
- N – Infinitive
- O – Optative
- P – Participle
- R – Participle (Imperative Sense)
- S – Subjunctive
Tense (for Verbs)
- A – Aorist
- F – Future
- I – Imperfect
- L – Pluperfect
- P – Present
- R – Perfect
Voice (for verbs)
- A – Active
- D – Middle Deponent
- E – Either Middle or Passive
- M – Middle
- N – Middle or Passive Deponent
- O – Passive Deponent
- P – Passive
Robinson Greek Morphology
Note: Logos 5 resources with Robinson Greek Morphology have been converted to Logos Greek Morphology
Part of Speech
- A – Adjective
- B – Adverb
- C – Conjunction
- I – Interjection
- L – Particle
- N – Noun
- P – Preposition
- Q – Conjunction or Conditional Particle
- R – Pronoun
- T – Definite Article
- V – Verb
- Z – Indeclinable
Case (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Definite Articles, and Verbs)
- A – Accusative
- D – Dative
- G – Genitive
- N – Nominative
- V – Vocative
Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Definite Articles, and Verbs)
Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Definite Articles, and Verbs)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
- N – Neuter
Adj Type (for Adjectives, Adverbs, and Particles)
- C – Comparative
- I – Interrogative
- N – Negative
- S – Superlative
Conj Type (for Conjunction or Conditional Particle)
- C – Contracted Form, or Two Words Merged by Crasis
Pronoun Type
- C – Reciprocal
- D – Demonstrative
- F – Reflexive
- I – Interrogative
- K – Correlative
- P – Personal
- Q – Correlative or Interrogative
- R – Relative
- S – Possessive
- X – Indefinite
Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)
- 1 – First Person
- 2 – Second Person
- 3 – Third Person
Tense (for Verbs)
- A – Aorist
- A2 – Second Aorist
- F – Future
- F2 – Second Future
- I – Imperfect
- L – Pluperfect
- L2 – Second Pluperfect
- P – Present
- R – Perfect
- R2 – Second Perfect
- V – Adverbial Imperative
- X – No Voice Stated
Tense Type (for verbs); after Aorist, Future, Pluperfect, or Perfect
Voice (for verbs)
- A – Active
- D – Middle Deponent
- E – Either Middle or Passive
- M – Middle
- N – Middle or Passive Deponent
- O – Passive Deponent
- P – Passive
- Q – Impersonal Active
- X – No Voice Stated
Mood (for verbs)
- I – Indicative
- M – Imperative
- N – Infinitive
- O – Optative
- P – Participle
- R – Imperative-Sense Participle
- S – Subjunctive
Indeclinable Type
- A – Aramaic
- H – Hebrew
- L – Indeclinable Letter (Noun)
- N – Indeclinable Numeral (Adjective)
- O – Indeclinable Noun of Other Type
- P – Indeclinable Proper Noun
Swanson Greek Morphology
Part of Speech
- C – Conjunction
- D – Adverb
- E – Preposition
- F – Foreign Word
- I – Interjection
- J – Adjective
- M – Number/Word
- N – Noun
- O – Contraction
- P – Pronoun
- R – Definite Article
- S – Substantive
- T – Particle Verb
- VF – Finite Verb
- VI – Infinitive Verb
- VP – Participle
Conjunction Type
- D – Disjunctive
- T – Temporal
Adverb Type
- C – Comparative
- I – Indefinite
- P – Of Place
- R – Relative
- S – Superlative
Case (for Prepositions, Adjectives, Number/Words, Nouns, Pronouns, Definite Articles, Substantives, and Verb Participles)
- A – Accusative
- D – Dative
- G – Genitive
- N – Nominative
- V – Vocative
Foreign Word Type
- C – Conjunction
- I – Interjection
- N – Noun
- V – Verb
Number (for Adjectives, Number/Words, Nouns, Pronouns, Definite Articles, Substantives, Verb Finites, and Verb Participles)
Gender (for Adjectives, Number/Words, Nouns, Pronouns, Definite Articles, Substantives, and Verb Participles)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
- N – Neuter
Comparator (for Adjectives)
- C – Comparative
- E – Elative
- S – Superlative
Pronoun Type
- D – Demonstrative
- G – Interrogative
- I – Indefinite
- L – Reciprocal
- P – Personal
- R – Relative
- X – Reflexive
Particle Type
- C – Conditional
- E – Enclitic
Tense (for Verb Finite, Verb Infinitive, and Verb Participle)
- 2 – Second Aorist
- A – Aorist
- F – Future
- I – Imperfect
- L – Pluperfect
- P – Present
- R – Perfect
Mood (for Verb Finite)
- I – Indicative
- O – Optative
- S – Subjunctive
- V – Imperative
Voice (for Verb Finite, Verb Infinitive, and Verb Participle)
- A – Active
- D – Deponent
- N – Middle
- P – Passive
Impersonal (for Verb Finite)
Westminster Hebrew Morphology
Part of Speech
- a – Adjective
- E – Ending
- I – Imperfect Ending
- n – Noun
- p – Pronoun
- P – Particle
- S – Suffix
- v – Verb
- V – Perfect Ending
- x – Paragraph Marker or Nun
Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)
- 1 – First Person
- 2 – Second Person
- 3 – Third Person
- i – Interrogative
Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- b – Feminine and Masculine
- c – Common
- f – Feminine
- m – Masculine
Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- d – Dual Number
- p – Plural
- s – Singular
State (for Adjectives, Nouns, and Verbs)
- a – Absolute
- c – Construct
- d – Determined
Pronominal Suffix Person (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows +S and is combined in brackets, e.g. +S[12])
- +S1 – First Person
- +S2 – Second Person
- +S3 – Third Person
- +Si – Interrogative
Pronominal Suffix Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows pronominal suffix person, e.g. +S1b)
- b – Feminine and Masculine
- c – Common
- f – Feminine
- m – Masculine
Pronominal Suffix Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows pronominal suffix person and gender, e.g. +S1fp)
- d – Dual Number
- p – Plural
- s – Singular
Ending Type (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows +S???E)
- a – Apocopated
- d – Directional Heh
- h – Paragogic Heh
- n – Paragogic Nun
Imperfect Type (for Imperfect Endings follows +; for Verbs follows I)
- C – Cohortative
- J – Jussive
Imperfect Form (for Imperfect Endings follows +; for Verbs follows I; follows imperfect type, e.g., +Cf or IJm)
- f – In Form Only
- m – In Meaning Only
- t – In Form and Meaning
Noun Type
- c – Common
- g – Gentilic Noun
- p – Proper Name
Particle Class
- a – Article
- b – Inseparable Preposition With Article
- c – Conjunction
- d – Adverb
- g – Interrogative
- i – Interjection
- n – Negative
- o – Direct Object
- p – Preposition
- r – Relative
Verb Stem
- a – Palel
- b – Pealal
- c – Pilel
- d – Pilpel
- e – Polel
- f – Polal
- g – Polpal
- h – Hiphil
- H – Hophal
- i – Pulal
- k – Poel
- l – Poal
- m – Tiftl
- n – Niphal
- p – Piel
- P – Pual
- q – Qal
- Q – Truly Qal Passive
- s – Hishtafel
- t – Hithpael
- u – Hotpaal
- v – Hitpolel
- w – Hitpalpel
- x – Nitpael
Verb Aspect
- a – Infinitive Absolute
- c – Infinitive Construct
- i – Imperfect
- p – Perfect
- P – Participle
- s – Passive Participle
- v – Imperative
- w – Imperfect Waw Consecutive
Consecutive Type (for Perfect Ending follows +; for Verbs follows V)
Part of Speech
- A – Article
- C – Conjunction
- D – Adverb
- G – Negation
- I – Interrogative
- J – Adjective
- N – Noun
- P – Preposition
- R – Pronoun
- V – Verb
- X – Interjection
Conjunction Type
Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- D – Dual
- P – Plural
- S – Singular
State (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- A – Absolute
- C – Construct
- D – Determined
Noun Type
Preposition Type
Pronoun Type
- D – Demonstrative
- I – Interrogative
- P – Personal
- S – Suffixed
Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)
- 1 – First Person
- 2 – Second Person
- 3 – Third Person
Verb Stem
- a – Qal
- b – Pi”el
- c – Hif’il
- d – Nif’al
- e – Pu”al
- f – Hafel
- g – Hitpa”el
- h – Hitpe”el
- i – Hof’al
- k – Hishtaf’al
- l – Hotpa”al
- m – Nitpa”el
- n – Etpa”al
- o – Tif’al
- p – Afel
- q – Shaf’el
- r – Pe’al
- s – Pa”el
- t – Pe’il
- u – Hitpa”al
- v – Etpe’el
Verb Tense
- F – Infinitive
- I – Imperfect
- M – Imperative
- P – Perfect
- R – Participle
- S – Passive Parti
- w – Weyiqtol
- W – Wayyiqtol
Verb Mood
- C – Cohortative
- J – Jussive
Logos Hebrew Morphology
Part of Speech
- A – Article
- C – Conjunction
- D – Adverb
- G – Negation
- I – Interrogative
- J – Adjective
- N – Noun
- P – Preposition
- R – Pronoun
- V – Verb
- X – Interjection
Conjunction Type
Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- D – Dual
- P – Plural
- S – Singular
State (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)
- A – Absolute
- C – Construct
- D – Determined
Noun Type
Preposition Type
Pronoun Type
- D – Demonstrative
- I – Interrogative
- P – Personal
- S – Suffixed
Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)
- 1 – First Person
- 2 – Second Person
- 3 – Third Person
Verb Stem
- a – Qal
- b – Pi“ēl
- c – Hif‘il
- d – Nif‘al
- e – Pu“al
- g – Hiṯpa“ēl
- i – Hof‘al
- l – Hoṯpa“al
- m – Niṯpa“ēl
- n – ’Eṯpa“al
- o – Tif‘al
- w – Pu‘lal
- x – Pôlēl
- y – Pi‘lēl
- z – Pilpēl
- A – Pôlal
- B – Hiṯpôlēl
- C – Pô‘ēl
- D – Hiṯpôlal
- E – Hiṯpalpēl
- F – Pô‘al
- G – Pᵊ‘al‘al
- H – Eštaf‘el
- I – Pᵒ‘al‘al
- K – Pu‘alal
- L – Polpal
- N – Pi‘lal
- O – Hiṯpā‘ēl
- P – Hoṯpā‘ēl
- Q – Palpēl
- R – Pa‘lal
- S – Hiṯpilpēl
- T – Hiṯpô‘ēl
- U – ’Eṯpô‘ēl
- Z – Qal Passive
Verb Tense
- P – Qatal (Perfect)
- p – Weqatal (Waw + Perfect)
- l – Yiqtol (Imperfect)
- W – Wayyiqtol (Waw-Consecutive + Imperfect)
- w – Weyiqtol (Waw-Conjunctive + Imperfect)
- M – Imperative
- F – Infinitive
- R – Participle
- S – Passive Participle
Verb Mood
- C – Cohortative
- J – Jussive
Logos Latin Morphology
Part of Speech
- B – Adverb
- C – Conjunction
- I – Interjection
- J – Adjective
- M – Numeral
- N – Noun
- P – Preposition
- R – Pronoun
- T – Particle
- V – Verb
- X – Indeclinable
Degree (for adverb, adjective)
- C – Comparative
- O – Other
- P – Positive
- S – Superlative
Case (for adjective, numeral, noun, pronoun, verb)
- A – Accusative
- B – Ablative
- D – Dative
- G – Genitive
- L – Locative
- N – Nominative
- V – Vocative
Number (for adjective, numeral, noun, pronoun, verb)
Gender (for adjective, numeral, noun, pronoun, verb)
- F – Feminine
- M – Masculine
- N – Neuter
Numeral type
- B – Adverb
- C – Cardinal
- D – Distributive
- O – Ordinal
Noun type
Pronoun type
- D – Demonstrative
- F – Reflexive
- I – Interrogative
- P – Personal
- R – Relative
- S – Possessive
- X – Indefinite
Person (for pronouns, verb)
- 1 – First person
- 2 – Second person
- 3 – Third person
Tense
- F – Future
- I – Imperfect
- L – Pluperfect
- P – Present
- R – Perfect
- T – Future Perfect
Voice
Mood
- D – Gerund
- G – Gerundive
- I – Indicative
- M – Imperative
- M – Infinitive
- P – Participle
- S – Subjective
- U – Supine
Indeclinable type
- F – Foreign
- L – Letter
- O – Other
General
- [ ] – square brackets to enclose multiple values
- ^ – Not (for multi-selectable options). Usage: enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [^3]
- ? – Any
Morphology Identifiers that can be used in a Search
Outside of Morph Search there is a need to identify the morphology (and language) in the search term:
- af: Andersen-Forbes Morphology (Hebrew/Aramaic)
- fe: Friberg Greek Morphology
- lbs: Logos Morphology (Greek and Hebrew/Aramaic)
- lls: GRAMCORD Greek Morphology & Westminster Hebrew Morphology
- js: Swanson Greek Morphology
- mr: Robinson Greek Morphology (deprecated)
- wivu: WIVU Morphology (Hebrew/Aramaic)
- el : Greek
- he : Hebrew
- arc : Aramaic (parts of Ezra and Daniel)
- la : Latin
Examples of using these identifiers
<lemma = lbs/el/δικαιόω>, <lemma = fe/el/δικαιόω>, <lemma = lls/el/δικαιόω>, <lemma = js/el/δικαιόω>
<Lemma = af/he/יהוה>, <Lemma = wivu/he/יוֹם>, <Lemma = lls/he/כֹּהֵן>
Word Class
Word Class |
lbs/el |
lbs/he |
lbs/arc |
lbs/la |
Adjective |
@J |
@J |
@J |
@J |
Adverb |
@B |
@D |
@D |
@B |
Article |
@D |
@A |
@A |
|
Conjunction |
@C |
@C |
@C |
@C |
Indeclinable |
@X |
|
|
@X |
Interjection |
@I |
@X |
@X |
@I |
Interrogative |
|
@I |
@I |
|
Negation |
|
@G |
@G |
|
Noun |
@N |
@N |
@N |
@N |
Numeral |
|
@U |
@U |
@M |
Particle |
@T |
|
|
@T |
Preposition |
@P |
@P |
@P |
@P |
Pronoun |
@R |
@R |
@R |
@R |
Verb |
@V |
@V |
@V |
@V |